Características clínico-patológicas de los pacientes asistidos en el Centro Docente Asociado de Oncología Médica en el Hospital Departamental de Soriano durante su primer año de funcionamiento / Clinical-pathological characteristics of patients assisted at the Associated Teaching Center of Medical Oncology at Soriano Departmental Hospital during its first year of operation / Características clínico-patológicas dos pacientes atendidos no Centro Docente Associado de Oncologia Médica no Hospital Departamental de Soriano durante seu primeiro ano de funcionamento

Introducción: Según el Ministerio de Salud las muertes por cáncer constituyen un cuarto del total de las defunciones registradas en Uruguay cada año. Objetivo: Conocer el perfíl epidemiológico de los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer asistidos en el Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo que incluyó a los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer asistidos en el Hospital Departamental de Soriano durante el 2022. Se mantuvo el anonimato de los pacientes en el análisis estadístico y se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 pacientes nuevos; 53.1% fueron hombres, siendo la mediana de edad al diagnóstico de 69 años. Los 4 tumores más frecuentes para ambos sexos reunidos fueron: mama, próstata, pulmón y colo-recto; la distribución por estadio fue la siguiente: E IV 48.6% pacientes; EIII 22.5%; EII 26.5%; y EI 2.6%. En el 79.6% de las pacientes se contaba con la confirmación del diagnóstico mediante anatomía patológica. El tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el primer tratamiento oncológico fue ≤ 3 meses para el 88.2% de los pacientes. El total de los pacientes con EIV fueron contactados con la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos. Únicamente el 15% de los casos fueron discutidos en Comité de Tumores. Conclusiones: Los datos analizados permitieron caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico del cáncer de los pacientes procedente de Soriano asistidos en el ámbito público y pueden contribuir a la implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la prevención y por ende a la mejora en la asistencia pacientes asistidos.

Introduction: According to the Ministry of Health, cancer deaths constitute a quarter of the total deaths registered in Uruguay each year. Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with cancer treated at the Departmental Hospital of Soriano. Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study that included patients diagnosed with cancer attended at the Departmental Hospital of Soriano during 2022. The anonymity of the patients was maintained in the statistical analysis and approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas. Results: A total of 113 new patients were included; 53.1% were men, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years old. The four most frequent tumors for both sexes were: breast, prostate, lung and colorectal; the distribution by stage was as follows: Stage IV 48.6% patients; Stage III 22.5%; Stage II 26.5%; and Stage I 2.6%. In 79.6% of the patients the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological anatomy. The time between diagnosis and first oncological treatment was ≤ 3 months for 88.2% of patients. The total number of patients with Stage IV were contacted by the Palliative Care Unit. Only 15% of the cases were discussed in the Tumor Committee. Conclusions: The data analyzed made it possible to characterize the epidemiological profile of cancer in patients from Soriano assisted in the public sector and may contribute to the implementation of public policies aimed at prevention and, therefore, at improving patient care.

Introdução: Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, as mortes por câncer constituem um quarto de todas as mortes registradas no Uruguai a cada ano. Objetivos: Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer atendidos no Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo que incluiu pacientes diagnosticados com câncer atendidos no Hospital Departamental de Soriano durante o ano de 2022. O anonimato dos pacientes foi mantido na análise estatística e foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados: foram incluídos 113 novos pacientes; 53,1% eram homens, com mediana de idade ao diagnóstico de 69 anos. Os 4 tumores mais frequentes para ambos os sexos combinados foram: mama, próstata, pulmão e colorretal; a distribuição por estágio foi a seguinte: E IV 48,6% pacientes; EIII 22,5%; EII 26,5%; EI 2,6%. Em 79,6% dos pacientes houve confirmação do diagnóstico pela patologia. O tempo entre o diagnóstico e o primeiro tratamento oncológico foi ≤ 3 meses para 88,2% dos pacientes. Todos os doentes com DIV foram contactados com a Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos. Apenas 15% dos casos foram discutidos no Comitê de Tumores. Conclusões: Os dados analisados ​​permitiram caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico do câncer em pacientes de Soriano atendidos na esfera pública e podem contribuir para a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção e, consequentemente, para a melhoria na assistência aos pacientes atendidos.

China guideline for the screening and early detection of prostate cancer (2022, Beijing) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the malignant tumors of the genitourinary system that occurs more often in elderly men. Screening, early diagnosis, and treatment of the PC high risk population are essential to improve the cure rate of PC. The development of the guideline for PC screening and early detection in line with epidemic characteristics of PC in China will greatly promote the homogeneity and quality of PC screening. This guideline was commissioned by the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. The National Cancer Center of China initiated and convened a working group comprising multidisciplinary experts. This guideline strictly followed the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and combined the most up-to-date evidence of PC screening, China's national conditions, and practical experience in cancer screening. A total of fifteen detailed evidence-based recommendations were provided with respect to the screening population, technology, procedure management, and quality control in the process of PC screening. This guideline aimed to standardize the practice of PC screening and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of PC prevention and control in China.

Periodontal disease and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

ABSTRACT Background: Periodontal disease is reportedly associated with the risk of various systemic diseases, including pancreatic and lung cancers. However, its association with prostate cancer remains inconclusive. Herein, we explored the association of periodontal disease with the risk of prostate cancer through a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible publications up to April 2020. Multivariate adjusted risk estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and calculated using random- or fixed-effect models. Results: Nine cohort studies involving 3.353 prostate cancer cases with 440.911 participants were identified and included in the meta-analysis. We found that periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of prostate cancer by 1.40-fold (hazard ratio [HR]=1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70; P=0.001; I2=76.1%) compared with normal condition. Interestingly, the risk of developing prostate cancer was not significant in patients treated with periodontal therapy (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.86-1.73; P=0.272; I2=65.2%). The results of subgroup analyses were also consistent and significant when stratified by study design and follow-up period, whereas conflicting results were observed in periodontal disease ascertainment stratification. These findings were robust as indicated by sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Periodontal disease was associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas no significant association was observed in patients treated with periodontal therapy. Hence, the awareness and importance for maintaining oral health should be improved, and the underlying mechanisms linking periodontal disease and prostate cancer should be fully explored in future research.

Prostate Cancer Screening in Brazil: a single center experience in the public health system

ABSTRACT Purpose: Incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) are still increasing in developing countries. Limited access to the health system or more aggressive disease are potential reasons for this. Ethnic and social differences in developed countries seem to make inappropriate to extrapolate data from other centers. We aim to report the epidemiological profile of a PSA-screened population from a cancer center in Brazil. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively selected 9.692 men enrolled in a PCa prevention program, comprising total PSA level and digital rectal examination at the first appointment, associated with complementary tests when necessary. Men aged over 40 years-old were included after shared decision-making process. Prostate biopsy (TRUS) was performed when clinically suspected for PCa. After the diagnosis, patients underwent appropriate treatment. Results: TRUS was performed in 5.5% of men and PCa incidence was 2.6%. Overall ratio between number of patients who needed to be screened in order to diagnose one cancer was 38.9 patients, with 2.1 biopsies performed to diagnose a cancer. Positive predictive value (PPV) of TRUS biopsy in this strategy was 47.2%, varying from 38.5% (<50 years-old) to 60% (>80 years-old). We evidenced 70 patients (27.9%) classified as low risk tumors, 74 (29.5%) as intermediate risk, and 107 (42.6%) as high-risk disease. Conclusions: PSA-screening remains controversial in literature. In front of a huge miscegenated people and considering the big proportion of high-risk PCa, even in young men diagnosed with the disease, it is imperative to inform patients and health providers about these data particularities in Brazil.

Cuidados continuos y estado de salud en el adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata / Continuous Cares and Health Status in the Elderly with Prostate Cancer

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento trae consigo cambios fisiológicos en las esferas orgánica y mental, que predisponen eventos fisiopatológicos, entre ellos el cáncer, entidad con repercusión significativa en el estado de salud del adulto mayor. Objetivo: Destacar la necesidad de los cuidados continuos para potenciar el estado de salud en el adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Se confeccionó una comunicación breve a partir de un estudio preliminar con enfoque descriptivo de corte transversal, desde junio 2019 hasta febrero 2020, en el Hospital de Oncología María Curie, Camagüey, Cuba, donde se aplicó una encuesta sobre el nivel información de los cuidados continuos en oncología y los componentes de las teorías de Sor Callista Roy y Kristen M. Swanson en 16 enfermeros(as) participantes en el proyecto. Se ejecutó valoración del estado de salud, utilizando los instrumentos (Índice de Katz y escala de Lawton) en 34 adultos mayores con cáncer de próstata. Resultados: Fueron descritos niveles de información, mínimo aceptable e inaceptable en el personal encuestado. La valoración integral al adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata permitió conocer expresiones de dependencia a las actividades de la vida diaria e instrumentada. Conclusión: El estudio favoreció la preparación integral del personal de enfermería en la atención continuada del paciente oncológico. Además facilitó pautas que fortalecen la utilidad de la valoración integral para el proceso de los cuidados continuos del adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata, que permitan preservar conductas generadoras de salud biopsicosocial y potenciar su estado de salud(AU)

Introduction: The aging process brings about physiological changes, both organically and mentally, that may be the cause for pathophysiological events, including cancer, an entity with significant repercussions on the health status of the elderlies. Objective: To highlight the need for continuous care to enhance the health status of the elderlies with prostate cancer. Methods: A brief communication was made from a preliminary study with a descriptive cross-sectional approach, from June 2019 to February 2020, at María Curie Oncology Hospital, in Camagüey, Cuba, where a survey about the information level of continuous care in oncology and the components of the theories of Sister Callista Roy and Kristen M. Swanson was applied in sixteen nurses who participated in the project. Health status assessment was carried out, using the Katz index and Lawton scale in 34 older adults with prostate cancer. Results: Minimum ally acceptable and unacceptable levels of information were described in the surveyed personnel. The comprehensive assessment of the elderlies with prostate cancer allowed us to know expressions of dependence on the activities of daily and instrumented life. Conclusion: The study favored the comprehensive training of the nursing staff regarding ongoing care of cancer patients. In addition, it provided guidelines that strengthen the usefulness of comprehensive assessment for the process of continuous care of the elderlies with prostate cancer, so that these guidelines allow preserving behaviors that generate biopsychosocial health and enhance their health status(AU)

Boletim epidemiológico: painel oncologia ­ Goiás: tempo do diagnóstico até o início do tratamento oncológico, 2013 a 2020 / Epidemiological bulletin: Oncology Panel ­ Goiás: time from diagnosis to initiation of cancer treatment, 2013 to 2020

Câncer é um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças, incluindo tumores malignos de diferentes locais, que possuem característica comum falha dos mecanismos que regulam o crescimento normal das células, proliferação e morte celular. O prognóstico do tumor pode ser de leve a grave, com invasão de tecidos vizinhos e, eventualmente, espalhando-se para outras áreas do corpo. O Painel-oncologia foi criado em maio de 2019 a fim de monitorar o cumprimento da referida lei e da Portaria MS nº 876/2013, que dispõe sobre a sua aplicação. Não é uma plataforma para inserção de dados, mas para apresentar informações obtidas dos Sistemas de Informações do SUS, apresentando os casos por estado federativo, por tipo de câncer, por ano, como também por intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna e o a data do primeiro tratamento realizado no SUS 5,6. Este relatório tem o objetivo de apresentar dados do Painel-oncologia para os cânceres mais incidentes no Estado de Goiás nos anos de 2013 a 2020 e verificar se o período estabelecido pela legislação está sendo cumprido

Cancer is a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors of different sites, which have a common characteristic of failure of mechanisms that regulate normal cell growth, proliferation and cell death. Tumor prognosis can be mild to severe, with invasion of neighboring tissues and eventually spreading to other areas of the body. The Oncology Panel was created in May 2019 to monitor compliance with the aforementioned law and Ordinance MS nº 876/2013, which provides for its application. It is not a platform for data entry, but to present information obtained from the SUS Information Systems, presenting cases by federal state, by type of cancer, by year, as well as by time interval between the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm and the date. of the first treatment performed in the SUS 5,6. This report aims to present data from the Oncology Panel for cancers more incidents in the State of Goiás in the years 2013 to 2020 and to verify if the period established by the legislation is being fulfilled

Prostate cancer awareness in the city of São Paulo / Conhecimento da população da cidade de São Paulo a respeito do câncer de próstata

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate awareness of prostate cancer in the population of the city of São Paulo. Methods: A total of 392 adults were randomly interviewed on public spaces in the city of São Paulo, and answered a questionnaire that addressed demographic questions and specific knowledge about the prostate cancer. A score was used to assess awareness of cancer in general, and of prostate cancer, considering satisfactory knowledge a score of 6 points. Results: The mean age was 36.9 years (standard deviation of ±12.6) and 58.2% of participants were male. No previous contact with information related to prostate cancer was reported by 45.5% of participants. For these cases, a greater proportion was observed among men aged over 50 years. As to the score, the mean was 3.7 (standard deviation of ±1.3), with a positive correlation among higher scores, higher income and education level. Less than 5% of participants believed they should only search for prostate cancer screening when symptomatic. Finally, among the less frequent responses to risk factors for prostate cancer, is "ethnic origin" (2.8%). Conclusion: Even though most participants did not have a satisfactory score, the level of awareness demonstrated in this study seems superior to that of other populational series. Hence it suggested the assessed population understood some essential concepts in prostate cancer, such as the importance of screening and the follow-up. The efforts made by the Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia on educational campaigns partially explain this. However, working in some concepts, like identifying risk factors for prostate cancer, might optimize screening outcomes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento da população da cidade de São Paulo em relação ao câncer de próstata. Métodos: Foram entrevistados randomicamente 392 adultos em espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo, os quais responderam a um questionário que abordava questões demográficas e de conhecimentos específicos sobre o câncer de próstata. Um escore foi utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento de câncer em geral e do câncer de próstata, considerando um conhecimento satisfatório com escore de 6 pontos. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 36,9 anos (desvio-padrão de ±12,6), e 58,2% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino. Ausência de contato anterior com informações relacionadas ao câncer de próstata foi relatada por 45,5% dos participantes. Nesses casos, maior proporção foi observada entre os homens com mais de 50 anos. Quanto ao escore, a média foi 3,7 (desvio-padrão de ±1,3), com correlação positiva entre maiores escores e maiores renda e escolaridade. Menos de 5% dos participantes acreditavam que só deveriam procurar o rastreamento do câncer de próstata quando sintomáticos. Por fim, entre as respostas menos frequentes aos fatores de risco para câncer de próstata, encontrou-se "etnia" (2,8%). Conclusão: Embora a maioria dos participantes não tenha apresentado escore satisfatório, o nível de conhecimento revelado neste estudo parece superior ao de outros estudos populacionais. Assim, sugere-se que a população avaliada tenha compreendido alguns conceitos essenciais do câncer de próstata, como a importância do rastreamento e do acompanhamento. Os esforços da Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia nas campanhas educacionais explicam parcialmente isso. No entanto, trabalhar em alguns conceitos, como identificar fatores de risco para câncer de próstata, pode otimizar os resultados do rastreamento.

Prostate cancer screening among elderly men in Brazil: should we diagnose or not?

ABSTRACT Purpose: Prostate cancer screening in the elderly is controversial. The Brazilian government and the National Cancer Institute (INCA) do not recommend systematic screening. Our purpose was to assess prevalence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer in men aged 70 years and above, on the first Latin American database to date. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study (n=17,571) from 231 municipalities, visited by Mobile Cancer Prevention Units of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based opportunistic screening program, between 2004 and 2007. The criteria for biopsy were: PSA>4.0ng/ml, or PSA 2.5-4.0ng/ml with free/total PSA ratio ≤15%, or suspicious digital rectal examination findings. The screened men were stratified in two age groups (45-69 years, and ≥70 years). These groups were compared regarding prostate cancer prevalence and aggressiveness criteria (PSA, Gleason score from biopsy and TNM staging). Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer found was 3.7%. When compared to men aged 45-69 years, individuals aged 70 years and above presented cancer prevalence about three times higher (prevalence ratio 2.9, p<0.01), and greater likelihood to present PSA level above 10.0ng/ml at diagnosis (odds ratio 2.63, p<0.01). The group of elderly men also presented prevalence of histologically aggressive disease (Gleason 8-10) 3.6 times higher (p<0.01), and 5-fold greater prevalence of metastases (PR 4.95, p<0.05). Conclusions: Prostate cancer screening in men aged over 70 may be relevant in Brazil, considering the absence of systematic screening, higher prevalence and higher probability of high-risk disease found in this age range of the population studied.

Caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica de homens com câncer de próstata / Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of men with prostate cancer / Caracterización sociodemográfica y clinica de hombres con cáncer de próstata

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar aspectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, de saúde e clínicos de homens com câncer de próstata no Maranhão. Metodologia Estudo prospectivo, descritivo de base primária. Resultados: Do total de 226 homens com câncer de próstata,44,2% tinham entre 71-80 anos, 82,3% autoreferiram a raça parda, 62,8% não eram aposentados, 90,3% tinham renda mensal de até dois salários mínimos, 63,7% tinham menos de oito anos de estudo, 80,5% eram casados, 61,9% eram do interior do estado, 76,1% não praticavam atividade física, 53,1% procuravam assistência em saúde apenas quando apresentavam algum problema, 51,3% realizaram a cirurgia de retirada de próstata. Conclusão Ferramentas e estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas voltadas para o público masculino, focadas na promoção e prevenção do câncer de próstata, observando características inerentes dos homens por região possibilitando um diagnóstico precoce e consequente possibilidade de cura.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize socioeconomic, demographic, health and clinical aspects of men with prostate cancer in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Methodology Prospective, descriptive primary study. Results Of 226 men with prostate cancer, 44.2% were aged 71-80 years, 82.3% self-reported as mestizo, and 62.8% were not retired. Moreover, 90.3% had a monthly income of up to two minimum wages, 63.7% had less than eight years of schooling, 80.5% were married, 61.9% were from the interior of the state, and 76.1% did not practice physical activity. Regarding their health, 53.1% sought health care only when they presented a problem and 51.3% underwent prostatectomy. Conclusion Tools and strategies developed for the male public should focus on the promotion and prevention of prostate cancer, taking into account the inherent characteristics of men by region, thus enabling early diagnosis and consequent possibility of cure.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar aspectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, de salud y clínicos de hombres con cáncer de próstata en el estado de Maranhão, Brasil. Metodología Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de fuente primaria. Resultados Del total de 226 hombres con cáncer de próstata, 44,2% tenían entre 71-80 años, 82,3% se auto-describían como mestizos, 62,8% no eran jubilados, el 90,3% tenían ingresos mensuales de hasta dos salarios mínimos, el 63,7% tenían menos de ocho años de estudio, el 80,5% estaban casados, el 61,9% eran del interior del estado, el 76,1% no practicaba actividad física, el 53,1% buscaban asistencia en salud solo cuando se presentaba algún problema, y el 51,3% se realizó prostatectomía. Conclusión Las herramientas y estrategias desarrolladas y dirigidas al público masculino deben enfocarse en la promoción y prevención del cáncer de próstata, teniendo en cuenta las características inherentes de los hombres por región, posibilitando así el tratamiento oportuno de la enfermedad y aumentando la posibilidad de curación.(AU)

Mortalidade em homens com câncer de próstata e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas / Mortality among men bearing prostate cancer and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables / Mortalidad en hombres con cáncer de próstata y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas

Objective: The study's purpose has been to evaluate the association of socio-demographic and clinical variables with the general and specific mortality from prostate cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was carried out through the analyses of medical records from 1,290 men diagnosed with prostate cancer over the period from 2000 to 2006. Results: Considering the 1,290 men, 758 were alive, 308 had died from prostate cancer, and 224 had died from other causes. Those that were associated with death from prostate cancer include: Gleason score > 9, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) > 20 and the presence of metastasis. Furthermore, there were those associated with death due to other causes, as follows: widowers, admission to the hospital without diagnosis and without treatment, and also PSA > 50. Conclusion: Clinical variables predominated with regards to prostate cancer-specific mortality. On the other hand, socio-demographic variables prevailed towards deaths originated from other causes

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas com a mortalidade geral e específica por câncer de próstata. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 1290 homens diagnosticados com câncer de próstata entre 2000 e 2006. Consultou-se prontuários, Sistema de Registro Hospitalar e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Resultados: Dos 1290 homens, 758 estavam vivos, 308 morreram por câncer de próstata e 224 por outras causas. Associaram-se ao óbito por câncer de próstata: escore de Gleason > 9, PSA > 20 (entre 2,82 e 5,55 vezes) e presença de metástase. Associaram-se ao óbito por outras causas: estado civil viúvo, ingresso no hospital sem diagnóstico e sem tratamento e PSA > 50. Conclusão: Variáveis clínicas predominaram sobre a mortalidade específica por câncer de próstata, já variáveis sociodemográficas em óbitos por outras causas

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas con la mortalidad general y específica por cáncer de próstata. Métodos:Estudio retrospectivo de 1.290 hombres con cáncer de próstata en el período del 1 de enero de 2000 al 31 de diciembre de 2006. Resultados: De los 1.290 hombres, 758 estaban vivos, 308 murieron por cáncer de próstata y 224 por otras causas. Se asociaron con la muerte por cáncer de próstata: Gleason puntuación >9, PSA>20 (entre 2,82 y 5,55 veces) y metástasis. Ellos se asociaron con muerte por otras causas: el estado civil viuda, la admisión al hospital diagnosticar y sin tratar y el PSA>50. Conclusión: Las variables clínicas predominaron sobre la mortalidad específica por cáncer de próstata, ya variables sociodemográficas en muertes por otras causas

Aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou : à propos de 109 cas

But : Explorer les aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou et plus spécifiquement les aspects épidémiologiques, biologiques, radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une durée de huit ans, colligeant tous les cas de cancer de la prostate diagnostiqués au service d'Urologie-Andrologie du CNHU HKM de Cotonou.Résultats : 109 cas ont été colligés au total. L'incidence du cancer de la prostate sur les 8 ans était de 4,7%. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 830,2 ng/ml. Le seul type histologique retrouvé après examen histologique des pièces de biopsie était l'adénocarcinome. Dans 28% des cas le score de Gleason était 6. L'imagerie d'extension la plus réalisée était la radiographie conventionnelle (62,4%). L'atteinte à distance la plus fréquente était celle osseuse (52,9%). La classification TNM de la majorité des patients étaient T2cNxMx (25,6%) Conclusion : Le cancer de la prostate est une pathologie du sujet âgé de plus de 50 ans souvent vu tardivement dans notre milieu. Son diagnostic paraclinique onéreux sous nos cieux rend difficile la réalisation du bilan d'extension et limite les indications de chirurgie radicale

Aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou : à propos de 109 cas

But : Explorer les aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou et plus spécifiquement les aspects épidémiologiques, biologiques, radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une durée de huit ans, colligeant tous les cas de cancer de la prostate diagnostiqués au service d'UrologieAndrologie du CNHU HKM de Cotonou. Résultats : 109 cas ont été colligés au total. L'incidence du cancer de la prostate sur les 8 ans était de 4,7%. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 830,2 ng/ml. Le seul type histologique retrouvé après examen histologique des pièces de biopsie était l'adénocarcinome. Dans 28% des cas le score de Gleason était 6. L'imagerie d'extension la plus réalisée était la radiographie conventionnelle (62,4%).L'atteinte à distance la plus fréquente était celle osseuse (52,9%). La classification TNM de la majorité des patients étaient T2cNxMx (25,6%) Conclusion : Le cancer de la prostate est une pathologie du sujet âgé de plus de 50 ans souvent vu tardivement dans notre milieu. Son diagnostic paraclinique onéreux sous nos cieux rend difficile la réalisation du bilan d'extension et limite les indications de chirurgie radicale

Estudio Clínico y Epidemiológico de Cáncer de Próstata en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga de Cuenca - Ecuador, 2010 - 2015 / Analytical Research: Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Prostate Cancer at the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital in Cuenca - Ecuador, 2010 - 2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es el quinto tipo de neoplasia más frecuente a nivel mundial y el segundo en varones. En Cuenca, según el sexto informe de epidemiologia del cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en hombres. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional, la muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia, 315 pacientes con biopsia positiva. Las variables establecidas fueron: signos y síntomas, tipo histológico, valor de antígeno prostático específico, factores de riesgo, escala de Gleason, grado de diferenciación y estadio clínico. Se obtuvo media, mediana y se realizó el cruce de variables utilizando coeficiente de Pearson y Spearman; fueron analizados en base al software STATA versión 12. RESULTADOS: Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron polaquiuria (56.2 %) y disuria (36.8 %). 312 presentaron histopatología de adenocarcinoma de próstata. El PSA total al diagnóstico tuvo una mediana de 14.4 ng/ml y media de 34 ng/ml. La media de edad fue 69 años. 141 pacientes presentaron hipertensión arterial. El grado de diferenciación en su mayoría fueron moderadamente diferenciados (43.6 %). El 67 % de pacientes se encontraron en estadio I y II de Gleason. Se evidencia un valor de Rho de 0.44 entre etapa clínica y Gleason, de 0.36 entre PSA y etapa clínica. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró una asociación positiva moderada entre etapa clínica y Gleason. No existe un valor mínimo de PSA total que nos confirme la ausencia de riesgo para cáncer de próstata. Se invita a llevar a cabo estudios prospectivos en busca de relación entre cáncer de próstata y factores de riesgo.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the fifth most common neoplasms worldwide and the second in man. In Cuenca, according to the sixth epidemiology of cancer, it is the second cause of death in males. METHODS: Observational descriptive study the sample was for convenience, made up with 315 patients with positive biopsy. The established variables were: Signs and symptoms, histopathological type, total prostate specific antigen (PSA) measure, risk factors, Gleason score, differentiation grade and clinical staging. The media and median were obtained as the crossing of variables using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. The software used was STATA 12 version. RESULTS: The most common symptoms were urinary frequency (56.2 %) and dysuria (36.8 %). 312 patients presented adenocarcinoma as histopathology type. The total PSA had a median of 4.4 ng/ml and a media of 34 ng/ml. The media of age was 69 years old. 141 patients presented hypertension. About the Gleason Grading system most of people were moderately differentiated (43.6 %). 67 % of cases were diagnosed during stages I and II. The Rho correlation coefficient was 0.44 between clinical stage and Gleason score; it was of 0.36 between PSA and clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: It was found a moderately positive association between clinical stage and Gleason score. There is no minimal measure of total PSA that could assure us there is no risk of prostate cancer. More prospective studies are needed in order to find the relation between prostate cancer and risk factors.

Cancer incidence estimates and mortality for the top five cancer in Colombia, 2007-2011 / Estimaciones de incidencia y mortalidad para los principales cinco tipos de cáncer en Colombia, 2007-2011

Abstract Objectives: To describe the incidence and mortality for the five main types of cancer in Colombia, from 2007-2011. Methods: We estimated cases and cancer incidence rates standardised by age, based on incidence/mortality ratios; and we calculated the observed deaths and mortality rates standardised by age in Colombia, both differentiated by province, type of cancer and sex. Incidence estimates were generated based on information from four cancer population registries (Cali, Pasto, Bucaramanga and Manizales), published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, volume X, and the official mortality and population information of the National Administrative Province of Statistics (DANE, for its initials in Spanish). Results: The annual number of expected cases (all cancers) was 62,818 in men and women; and there were 32,653 recorded deaths. The main incidental cancers were prostate (46.5 per 100,000 person-years) in men, and breast (33.8 per 100,000 person-years) in women. The highest mortality figures were for stomach cancer in men (14.2); and breast cancer in women (9.9). Conclusions: The highest incidence and mortality estimates in Colombia were for breast and prostate cancers, as well as a proportion of infection-related cancers, such as stomach and cervical cancer. These four neoplasms were responsible for more than 50% of the burden of the disease. Only through good quality, long-duration cancer registries, can information be obtained about the changes in incidence trends.

Resumen Objetivos: Describir la incidencia y mortalidad para los cinco principales tipos de cáncer en Colombia, de 2007-2011. Métodos: Se estimaron casos y tasas de incidencia de cáncer ajustadas por edad a partir de razones incidencia/mortalidad y se calcularon las muertes observadas y tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad en Colombia, ambas diferenciadas por departamentos, tipo de cáncer y sexo. Las estimaciones de incidencia se generaron con base en la información de cuatro registros poblacionales de cáncer (Cali, Pasto, Bucaramanga y Manizales), publicada en Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, volumen X, y la información oficial de mortalidad y población del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Resultados: El número anual de casos esperados (todos los cánceres) fue 62,818 en hombres y en mujeres y se registraron 32,653 muertes. Los principales cánceres incidentes fueron próstata (46.5 por 100,000 años-persona) en hombres y mama (33.8 por 100,000 años-persona) en mujeres. La mortalidad más alta en hombres se presentó en estómago (14.2) y mama en mujeres (9.9). Conclusiones: Las estimaciones de incidencia y mortalidad más altas en Colombia fueron para los cánceres de mama y próstata, además de una proporción de cánceres relacionados con la infección como son el cáncer de estómago y de cuello uterino. Estas cuatro neoplasias fueron responsables de más del 50% de la carga de la enfermedad. Solamente a través de los registros de cáncer de buena calidad y de larga trayectoria podrá tenerse información sobre el cambio en las tendencias de incidencia.

Prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients

ABSTRACT As patients with end-stage renal disease are receiving renal allografts at older ages, the number of male renal transplant recipients (RTRs) being diagnosed with prostate cancer (CaP) is increasing. Historically, the literature regarding the management of CaP in RTR's is limited to case reports and small case series. To date, there are no standardized guidelines for screening or management of CaP in these complex patients. To better understand the unique characteristics of CaP in the renal transplant population, we performed a literature review of PubMed, without date limitations, using a combination of search terms including prostate cancer, end stage renal disease, renal transplantation, prostate cancer screening, prostate specific antigen kinetics, immuno-suppression, prostatectomy, and radiation therapy. Of special note, teams facilitating the care of these complex patients must carefully and meticulously consider the altered anatomy for surgical and radiotherapeutic planning. Active surveillance, though gaining popularity in the general low risk prostate cancer population, needs further study in this group, as does the management of advance disease. This review provides a comprehensive and contemporary understanding of the incidence, screening measures, risk stratification, and treatment options for CaP in RTRs.

Adenocarcinoma prostático: análise clínica e epidemiológica / Prostate adenocarcinoma: clinical and epidemiological analysis

OBJETIVO: Realizar análise clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes com câncer de próstata. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo de 607 prontuários de pacientes com câncer de próstata, atendidos entre 2012 a 2014. As variáveis analisadas foram: procedência, faixa etária, antígeno prostático específico (PSA) total, escore de Gleason da biópsia e da peça cirúrgica. A análise estatística foi realizada com software SPSS, versão 19.0. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes (57%) era de Ipatinga (MG) e arredores. A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 61 a 80 anos (76,6%). Valores de PSA entre 4,1 a 10ng/mL foram mais frequentes. O escore de Gleason da biópsia revelou ue 321 pacientes apresentavam tumor intermediário. Apenas 203 pacientes realizaram a prostectomina, e 61,5% das peças cirúrgicas também apresentaram tumor intermediário. Houve correlação significativa entre as faixas etárias e os níveis de PSA (R2=0,9319), e também entre o nível de PSA e os valores de escore Gleason da biópsia (p<0,05). Houve concordância entre os valores de escore de Gleason da biópsia com os da peça cirúrgica em 72,9% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso conhecimento, este foi o primeiro estudo epidemiológico de câncer de próstata na região do Vale do Aço. As informações fornecidas neste trabalho podem contribuir com programas para desenvolver ações de controle do câncer de próstata nesta região.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with Prostate Cancer. METHODS: This is aretrospective and descriptive study of 605 medical records of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, seen from 2012 to 2014. The variables analyzed were: origin, age, total prostate specific antigen, Gleason score of the biopsy and surgical sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19.0. RESULTS: Most patients (57%) were from the city of Ipatinga (state of Minas Gerais) and surrounding areas. The most frequent age group was 61 to 80 years (76.6%). PSA values between 4.1 and 10ng/mL were more frequent. Biopsy Gleason score revealed that 321 patients had an intermediate tumor. Only 203 patients underwent prostatectomy and 61.5% of the surgical specimens presented an intermediate tumor. There was a significant correlation (R2=0.9319) between the age groups and patients' PSA levels, and an association between PSA level and Gleason biopsy values (p<0.05). There was concordance between the values of Gleason biopsy with those of the surgical specimen in 72.9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this was the first epidemiological study of prostate cancer in the region of Vale do Aço. The associations found here may contribute with programs to develop actions to control prostate cancer in this region.(AU)

Mortalidad por cáncer en la CABA según Comunas. Comparación 2006-2010/2011-2015 / Cancer mortality in CABA according to Communes: Comparison 2006-2010/2011-2015

En la actualidad, las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad mundial. Las enfermedades crónicas se caracterizan por su larga duración, progresividad y curación no previsible, pudiendo requerir tratamiento y control durante una extensa e indeterminada cantidad de años. El cáncer forma parte del grupo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), junto con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, respiratorias crónicas y diabetes. Estas enfermedades, se encuentran entre los problemas más comunes y más costosos para la salud pública de la población. El presente documento describe el comportamiento de la mortalidad global por cáncer y por los principales sitios tumorales, en residentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, según sexo y comunas, en dos quinquenios: 2006-2010 y 2011-2015. En primer lugar se describe la variación de la mortalidad entre los periodos mencionados para las principales causas, en el total de la CABA, según sexo. En segundo lugar, se calcula y se compara la variación de la mortalidad entre los periodos mencionados, en el total y tres principales causas, según sexo y comunas de la Ciudad. Para el análisis de la mortalidad en la CABA se utilizaron las bases provistas por la Dirección de Estadísticas e información en Salud (DEIS) y del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y reporte del Cáncer (SIVER/INC). Además, se utilizó como fuente de datos, el "Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Argentina 2011-2015", en el capítulo correspondiente a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

Situación epidemiológica del cáncer / Epidemiological situation of cancer

El cáncer forma parte del grupo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), junto con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, respiratorias crónicas y diabetes. Estas enfermedades, se encuentran entre los problemas más comunes y más costosos para la salud pública. Esta patología comprende un conjunto de entidades nosológicas caracterizadas por crecimiento descontrolado de células anormales que presentan morfología, manifestaciones clínicas, pronóstico y determinantes diferentes.El siguiente documento se estructura en tres segmentos; en el primero se describe la situación internacional y regional de la morbilidad y mortalidad por cáncer, en comparación con la Argentina y la incidencia de morbilidad por localización tumoral estimada para el país, por fuentes internacionales. En el segundo, se calcula la mortalidad nacional y provincial según sexo con fuentes locales y; finalmente la descripción de la evolución de la mortalidad por cáncer según sexo para la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en la cual se comparan dos quinquenios 2007-2011 y 2011-2015, a través de fuentes locales. (AU)